An HO2S voltage that decreases toward 0 mV indicates a lean fuel mixture. ![]() An HO2S voltage that increases toward 1, 000 mV indicates a rich fuel mixture. The ECM uses the HO2S voltage to determine the air-to-fuel ratio. Once sufficient HO2S voltage fluctuation is observed by the ECM, Closed Loop is entered. While the engine runs, the HO2S heats up and begins to generate a voltage within a range of 0 - 1, 000 mV. When the engine is started, the Engine Control Module (ECM) operates in an Open Loop mode, ignoring the HO2S signal voltage while calculating the air-to-fuel ratio. Each HO2S compares the oxygen content of the surrounding air with the oxygen content of the exhaust stream. ![]() The Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S) are used for fuel control and catalyst monitoring.
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